The relationship of the individual, special and General in the actualization of cognitive activity of students

Abstract. The relationship of the individual and the general in the actualization of cognitive activity of students is considered. Single, special and universal are not knowledge isolated from each other, but represent various aspects of the general, the whole. Moreover, the general - the whole should not be perceived without the unit, as the unit is inconceivable without connection with the general. Given all this, a methodology has been developed for updating the cognitive activity of students to an active perception of the material studied, which boils down to the implementation of analytical and synthetic cognitive operations. The methodological implementation of it in each individual case depends on many other components: the difficulty of the posing problem, its relationship with other provisions, its characteristic features, the preparedness of the classto solve complex issues in this way, the teacher’s ability to carry out this cognitive process in each individual case. Examples of the developed methodology in the classroom, confronts students with problematic issues, for the solution of which they are trying to apply actions that contribute to the disclosure of the content of the problem, are looking for ways to implement it, which in turn actualizes their cognitive activity.